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According to Buddhist psychology, most of our troubles are due
to our passionate desire for and attachment to things that we misapprehend as enduring entities. The pursuit of the objects
of our desire and attachment involves the use of aggression and competitiveness as supposedly efficacious
instruments. These mental processes easily translate into actions, breeding belligerence as an obvious effect. Such
processes have been going on in the human mind since time immemorial, but their execution has become more effective under modern conditions.
What can we do to control and regulate these 'poisons' -- delusion, greed, and aggression? For it is these poisons that are behind
almost every trouble in the world.
As one brought up in the Mahayana Buddhist
tradition, I feel that love and compassion are the moral
fabric of world peace. Let me first define what I mean by compassion.
When you have pity or compassion for a very poor person,
you are showing sympathy because he or she is poor;
your compassion is based on altruistic considerations. On the other
hand, love towards your wife, your husband, your children, or
a close friend is usually based on attachment. When your attachment
changes, your kindness also changes; it may disappear.
This is not true love. Real love is not based on attachment,
but on altruism. In this case your compassion will remain as
a humane response to suffering as long as beings continue to suffer.
This type of compassion is what we must
strive to cultivate in ourselves, and we must develop it
from a limited amount to the limitless. Undiscriminating, spontaneous,
and unlimited compassion for all sentient beings is
obviously not the usual love that one has for friends or family,
which is alloyed with ignorance, desire, and attachment. The
kind of love we should advocate is this wider love that you
can have even for someone who has done harm to you: your enemy.
The rationale for compassion is that
every one of us wants to avoid suffering and gain happiness.
This, in turn, is based on the valid feeling of 'I,' which determines
the universal desire for happiness. Indeed, all beings
are born with similar desires and should have an equal right
to fulfill them. If I compare myself with others, who are
countless, I feel that others are more important because I
am just one person whereas others are many. Further, the Tibetan
Buddhist tradition teaches us to view all sentient beings
as our dear mothers and to show our gratitude by loving them
all. For, according to Buddhist theory, we are born and reborn
countless numbers of times, and it is conceivable that each
being has been our parent at one time or another. In this
way all beings in the universe share a family relationship.
Whether one believes in religion or
not, there is no one who does not appreciate love and compassion.
Right from the moment of our birth, we are under the care
and kindness of our parents; later in life, when facing
the sufferings of disease and old age, we are again dependent
on the kindness of others. If at the beginning and end of our lives
we depend upon others' kindness, why then in the middle should
be not act kindly towards others?
The development of a kind heart (a feeling
of closeness for all human beings) does not involve the
religiosity we normally associate with conventional religious
practice. It is not only for people who believe in religion,
but is for everyone regardless of race, religion, or political
affiliation. It is for anyone who considers himself or
herself, above all, a member of the human family and who sees
things from this larger and longer perspective. This is a powerful
feeling that we should develop and apply; instead, we
often neglect it, particularly in our prime years when
we experience a false sense of security.
When we take into account a longer perspective,
the fact that all wish to gain happiness and
avoid suffering, and keep in mind our relative unimportance in
relation to countless others, we can conclude that it is worthwhile
to share our possessions with others. When you train
in this sort of outlook, a true sense of compassion
-- a true sense of love and respect for others -- becomes possible.
Individual happiness ceases to be a conscious self-seeking
effort; it becomes an automatic and far superior by-product
of the whole process of loving and serving others.
Another result of spiritual development,
most useful in day-to-day life, is that it gives a
calmness and presence of mind. Our lives are in constant flux,
bringing many difficulties. When faced with a calm
and clear mind, problems can be successfully resolved. When,
instead, we lose control over our minds through hatred, selfishness,
jealousy, and anger, we lose our sense of judgment.
Our minds are blinded and at those wild moments anything can
happen, including war. Thus, the practice of compassion and
wisdom is useful to all, especially to those responsible for
running national affairs, in whose hands lie the power and opportunity
to create the structure of world peace.
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